Innovation: Growing food under siege. Adam-Bradford is developing and testing practices to help cities quickly move towards greater local food production when they are in an active conflict zone. He suggests several practical solutions to growing food under siege conditions, which include 1) the provision of seed packages for quick-growing and nutrient-dense plants; 2) education about available growing materials (e.g., soil, compost, rubble); and 3) promotion of greywater irrigation strategies, which can include human urine/water blends in case of emergency irrigation needs. These strategies promote both soil and water conservation, which is critical in densely populated urban areas or refugee camps. Adam-Bradford is currently developing a guidebook for Ukraine citizens to use as the conflict continues. This guide puts forth practical solutions and simple, easy-to-follow instructions for food insecure Ukrainians in need of guidance on urban agriculture in challenging conditions. He has also written about the application of ‘low space’ or ‘no space’ agriculture for refugee camps as an important tool for food security. ‘Low-space agriculture’ is a concept created for urban agriculture contexts where space is limited (e.g., home gardens). The same approach can help people in areas under siege. 

Impact: Adam-Bradford’s proposed solutions to growing food under siege are based on successful urban agriculture interventions in camps, cities, and settlements for internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees. He cites the example of Syria, where IDPs used container gardens, home gardens, and rooftop gardens to survive recent brutal sieges.